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langue and parole
''Langue'' (French, meaning "language") and ''parole'' (meaning "speaking") are linguistic terms distinguished by Ferdinand de Saussure in his ''Course in General Linguistics''. ''Langue'' encompasses the abstract, systematic rules and conventions of a signifying system; it is independent of, and pre-exists, individual users. ''Langue'' involves the principles of language, without which no meaningful utterance, "parole", would be possible. ''Parole'' refers to the concrete instances of the use of ''langue''. This is the individual, personal phenomenon of language as a series of speech acts made by a linguistic subject.〔de Saussure, F. (1986). Course in general linguistics (3rd ed.). (R. Harris, Trans.). Chicago: Open
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